-
What is a transaction?
- A transaction is dialog program that change
data objects in a consistant way.
-
What are the
requirements a dialog program must fulfill?
A dialog program must fulfil the following
requirements
- A user friendly user interface.
- Format and consistancey checks for the data
entered by the user.
- Easy correction of input errors.
- Access to data by storing it in the data
bases.
3. What are the basic components of dialog program?
- Screens (Dynpros)
- Each dialog in an SAP system is controlled by
dynpros.A dynpros consists of a screen
And its flow logic and controls exactly one dialog
step.
- ABAP/4 module Pool.
Each dynpro refers to exactly one ABAP/4 dialog
program .Such a dialog program is also called a module pool ,since it
consists of interactive modules.
4.What is PBO and PAI events?
PBO- Process Before Output-It determines the flow
logic before displaying the screen.
PAI-Process After Input-It determines the flowlogic
after the display of the screen and after receiving inputs from the User.
5. What is dynpro?What are its components ?
- A dynpro (Dynamic Program) consists of a
screen and its flow logic and controls exactly one dialog steps.
- The different components of the dynpro are :
Flow Logic: calls of the ABAP/4 modules for a screen
.
Screen layout: Positions of the text, fields,
pushbuttons and so on for a screen
Screen Attributes: Number of the screen, number of
the subsequent screen, and others
Fields attributes: Definition of the attributes of
the individual fields on a screen.
6. What is a ABAP/4 module pool?
-Each dynpro refers to exactly one ABAP/4 dialog
program.Such a dialog program is also called
a module pool ,since it consists on interactive
modules.
7..Can we use WRITE statements in screen fields?if
not how is data transferred from field data to screen fields?
-We cannot write field data to the screen using the
WRITE statement.The system instead transfers data by comparing screen fields
names with ABAP/4 variable names.If both names are the same,it
transfers screen fields values to ABAP/4 programs
fields and Vice Versa.This happens immediately after displaying the screen.
8.Can we use flow logic control key words in ABAP/4
and vice-versa?
- The flow control of a dynpro consists os a few
statements that syntactically ressemble ABAP/4 statements .However ,we cannot
use flow control keywords in ABAP/4 and vice-versa.
9.What is GUI status? How to create /Edit GUI status?
-A GUI status is a subset of the interface elements
used for a certain screen.The status comprises
those elements that are currently needed by the
transaction .The GUI status for a transaction may be composed of the following
elements:
-Title bar.
-Mneu bar.
-Application tool bar
-Push buttons.
To create and edit GUI status and GUI title,we use
the Menu Painter.
10. How does the interection between the Dynpro and
the ABAP/4 Modules takes place?
-A transaction is a collection os screens and ABAP/4
routines, controlled and executed by a Dialog processor. The Dialog processor
processes screen after the screen, thereby triggering the appropriate
ABAP/4 processing of each screen .For each screen,the
system executes the flow logic that contains the corresponding ABAP/4
processing.The controls passes from screen flow logic to ABAP/4 code and back.
11. How does the Dialog handle user requests?
- when an action is performed ,the system
triggers the PROCESS AFTER INPUT event.The data passed includes field screen
data data entered by the user and a function code. A functioncode is a
technical name that has been allocated in a screen Painter or Menu Painter to a
meny entry,a push button,the ENTER key or a function Key of a screen.An internal
work field(ok-code)in the PAI module evaluates the function code,and the
appropriate action is taken.
-
What is to be
defined for a push button fields in the screen attributes?
- A function code has to be defined in the
screen attributes for the push buttons in a screen.
-
How are the
function code handles in Flow Logic?
- When the User selects a function in a
transaction ,the system copies the function code into a specially
designated work field called OK_CODE.This field is Global in ABAP/4 Module
Pool.The OK_CODE can then be evaluated in the corresponding PAI module. The
function code is always passed in Exactly the same way , regardless of Whether
it comes from a screen’s pushbutton,a menu option ,function key or other GUI element.
14.What controls the screen flow?
- The SET SCREEN and LEAVE SCREEN statements
controls screen flow.
-
The Function
code currently active is ascertained by what Variable?
- The function code currently active in a
Program can be ascertained from the SY-UCOMM Variable.
-
The function
code currently active is ascertained by what variable ?
- By SY-UCOMM Variable.
-
What are the
“field” and “chain” Statements?
- The FIELD and CHAIN flow logic statements let
you Program Your own checks.FIELD and CHAIN tell the system Which fields you are
checking and Whether the System should Perform Checks in the flow logic or call
an ABAP/4 Module.
-
What is an “on
input filed” statements?
- ON INPUT
The ABAP/4 module is called only if a field contains
the Value other than the initial Value.This initial Value is determined by the
filed’s Dta Type: blanks for character Fields
,Zeroes for numerics. If the user changes the Fields
Value back t o its initial value,ON INPUT does not trigger a call.
-
What is an “on
request Field” statement?
- ON REQUEST
The ABAP/4 Module is called only if the user has
entered the value in the field value since the last screen display .The Value
counts as changed Even if the User simply types in the value that was already
there .In general ,the ON REQUEST condition is triggered through any
Form of” MANUAL INPUT’.
-
What is an
on”*-input filed” statement?
ON *-INPUT
- The ABAP/4 module is called if the user has
entered the “*” in the first character of the field, and the field has the
attribute *-entry in the screen Painter.You can use this option in Exceptional
cases where you want to check only fields with certain Kinds of Input.
-
What are
conditional chain statement?
ON CHAIN-INPUT similar to ON INPUT.
The ABAP/4 module is called if any one of the fields
in the chain contains a value other than its initial value(blank or nulls).
ON CHAIN-REQUEST
This condition functions just like ON REQUEST, but
the ABAP/4 module is called if any one of the fields in the chain changes value.
-
What is “at
exit-command:?
The flowlogic Keyword at EXIT-COMMAND is a special
addition to the MODULE statement in the Flow Logic .AT EXIT-COMMAND lets you
call a module before the system executes the automatic fields checks.
-
Which Function
type has to be used for using “at exit-command” ?
- To Use AT EXIT – COMMAND ,We must assign a
function Type “E” to the relevant function in the MENU Painter OR Screen Painter
.
-
What are the
different message types available in the ABAP/4 ?
- There are 5 types of message types available.
- E: ERROR
- W-WARNING
- I –INFORMATION
- A-ABNORMAL TERMINATION.
- S-SUCCESS
-
Of the two “
next screen “ attributes the attributes that has more priority is
-------------------.
Dynamic.
-
Navigation to
a subsequent screen can be specified statically/dynamically. (TRUE/FALSE).
TRUE.
-
Dynamic screen
sequence for a screen can be set using ------------- and -----------------
commands
Set Screen, Call screen.
27. The commands through Which an ABAP/4 Module can
“branch to “ or “call” the next screen are
1.------------,2--------------,3---------------,4------------.
- Set screen<scr no>,Call screen<scr no> ,Leave
screen, Leave to screen <scr no>.
28. What is difference between SET SCREEN and CALL SCREEN ?
- With SET SCREEN the current screen simply
specifies the next screen in the chain , control branches to this next screen
as sonn as th e current screen has been processed .Return from next screen to
current screen is not automatic .It does not interrupt processing of the
current screen.If we want to branch to the next screen without finishing the
current one ,use LEAVE SCREEN.
- With CALL SCREEN , the current (calling) chain
is suspended , and a next screen (screen chain) is called .The called can then
return to the suspended chain with the statement LEAVE SCREEN TO SCREEN 0
.Sometime we might want to let an user call a pop up screen from the main
application screen to let him enter secondary information.After they have
completed their enteries, the users should be able to close the popup and return
directly to the place where they left off in the main screen.Here comes CALL
SCREEN into picture .This statement lets us insert such a sequence intp the
current one.
29. Can we specify the next screen number with a
variable (*Yes/No)?
- Yes
30. The field SY-DYNR refers to--------------
Number of the current screen.
31. What is dialog Module?
- A dialog Module is a callable sequence of
screens that does not belong to a particular transaction.Dialog modules have
their module pools , and can be called by any transaction.
32. The Syntex used to call a screen as dialog box
(pop up)is---------
CALL SCREEN <screen number.>
STARTING AT <start column><start line>
ENDING AT <end column> <end line>
33. What is “call mode”?
- In the ABAP/4 WORLD each stackable sequence
of screens is a “call mode”, This is IMP because of the way u return from the
given sequence .To terminate a call mode and return to a suspended chain set
the “next screen” to 0 and leave to it:
LEAVE TO SCREEN 0 or (SET SCREEN 0 and LEAVE
SCREEN) .When u return to the suspended chain execution resumes with the
statement directly following the original CALL SCREEN statement.The original
sequence of screens in a transaction (that is , without having stacked any
additional call modes),you returned from the transaction altogether.
34. The max number of calling modes stacked at
one time is?
- NINE
35. What is LUW or Data base Transaction ?
- A “LUW”(logical unit of work) is the span of
time during which any database updates must be performed in an “all or nothing”
manner .Either they are all performed (committed),or they are all thrown away
(rolled back).In the ABAP/4 world , LUWs and
- Transactions can have several meanings:
LUW (or “database LUW” or “database transaction”)
This is the set of updates terminated by a database
commit. A LUW lasts, at most, from one screen change to the next (because the
SAP system triggers database commits automatically at every screen change).
36. What is SAP LUW or Update Transaction?
Update transaction (or “SAP LUW”)
This is a set of updates terminated by an ABAP/4
commit. A SAP LUW may last much longer than a database LUW, since most update
processing extends over multiple transaction screens. The programmer terminates
an update transaction by issuing a COMMIT WORK statement.
37. What happens if only one of the commands SET
SCREEN and LEAVE SCREEN is used without using the other?
If we use SET SCREEN without LEAVE SCREEN, the
program finishes processing for the current screen before branching to <scr
no>. If we use LEAVE SCREEN without a SET SCREEN before it, the current screen
process will be terminated and branch directly to the screen specified as the
default next-screen in the screen attributes.
38. What is the significance of the screen number
‘0’?
In “calling mode”, the special screen number 0 (LEAVE
TO SCREEN 0) causes the system to jump back to the previous call level. That
is, if you have called a screen sequence with CALL SCREEN leaving to screen 0
terminates the sequence and returns to the calling screen. If you have not
called a screen sequence, LEAVE TO SCREEN 0 terminates the transaction.
39. What does the ‘SUPPRESS DIALOG’ do?
Suppressing of entire screens is possible with this
command. This command allows us to perform screen processing “in the
background”. Suppresing screens is useful when we are branching to list-mode
from a transaction dialog step.
40. What is the significance of the memory table
‘SCREEN’?
At runtime, attributes for each screen field are
stored in the memory table called ‘SCREEN’. We need not declare this table in
our program. The system maintains the table for us internally and updates it
with every screen change.
41. What are the fields in the memory table
‘SCREEN’?
Name Length
Description
NAME 30 Name
of the screen field
GROUP1 3 Field
belongs to field group 1
GROUP2 3 Field
belongs to field group 2
GROUP3 3 Field
belongs to field group 3
GROUP4 3 Field
belongs to field group4
ACTIVE 1 Field
is visible and ready for input.
REQUIRED 1 Field
input is mandatory.
INPUT 1 Field
is ready for input.
OUTPUT 1 Field
is display only.
INTENSIFIED 1 Field is
highlighted
INVISIBLE 1 Field
is suppressed.
LENGTH 1 Field
output length is reduced.
DISPLAY_3D 1 Field is
displayed with 3D frames.
VALUE_HELP 1 Field is
displayed with value help.
42. Why grouping of fields is required? What is
the max no of modification groups for each field?
If the same attribute need to be changed for several
fields at the same time these fields can be grouped together. We can specify up
to four modification groups for each field.
43. What are the attributes of a field that can be
activated or deactivated during runtime?
Input, Output, Mandatory, Active, Highlighted,
Invisible.
44. What is a screen group? How it is useful?
Screen group is a field in the Screen Attributes of a
screen. Here we can define a string of up to four characters which is available
at the screen runtime in the SY-DNGR field. Rather than maintaining field
selection separately for each screen of a program, we can combine logically
associated screens together in a screen group.
45. What is a Subscreen? How can we use a
Subscreen?
A subscreen is an independent screen that is
displayed in a n area of another (“main”) screen. To use a subscreen we must
call it in the flow logic (both PBO and PAI) of the main screen. The CALL
SUBSCREEN stratement tells the system to execute the PBO and PAI events for the
subscreen as part of the PBO or PAI events of the main screen. The flow logic
of your main program should look as follows:
PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.
CALL SUBSCREEN <area> INCLUDING ‘<program>’
’<screen>’.
PROCESS AFTER INPUT.
CALL SUBSCREEN <area>.
Area is the name of the subscreen area you defined in
your main screen. This name can have up to ten characters. Program is the name
of the program to which the subscreen belongs and screen is the subscreen’s
number.
46. What are the restrictions on Subscreens?
Subscreens have several restrictions. They cannot:
· Set their own GUI status
· Have a named OK code
· Call another screen
· Contain an AT EXIT-COMMAND module
· Support positioning of the cursor.
47. How can we use / display table in a screen?
ABAP/4 offers two mechanisms for displaying and using
table data in a screen. These mechanisms are TABLE CONTROLS and STEP LOOPS.
48. What are the differences between TABLE
CONTROLS and STEP LOOPS?
TABLE CONTROLS are simply enhanced STEP LOOPS that
display with the look and feel of a table widget in a desktop application. But
from a programming standpoint, TABLE CONTROLS and STEP LOOPS are almost exactly
the same. One major difference between STEP LOOPS and TABLE CONTROLS is in STEP
LOOPS their table rows can span more than one time on the screen. By contrast
the rows in a TABLE CONTROLS are always single lines, but can be very long.
(Table control rows are scrollable). The structure of table control is
different from step loops. A step loop, as a screen object, is simply a series
of field rows that appear as a repeating block. A table control, as a screen
object consists of: I) table fields (displayed in the screen ) ii) a control
structure that governs the table display and what the user can do with it.
49. What are the dynapro keywords?
FIELD, MODULE, SELECT, VALUES and CHAIN are the
dynapro keywords.
50. Why do we need to code a LOOP statement in
both the PBO and PAI events for each table in the screen?
We need to code a LOOP statement in both PBO and PAI
events for each table in the screen. This is because the LOOP statement causes
the screen fields to be copied back and forth between the ABAP/4 program and the
screen field. For this reason, at least an empty LOOP….ENDLOOP must be there.
51. The field SY-STEPL refers to
the index of
the screen table row that is currently being processed. The system variable
SY-stepl only has a meaning within the confines of LOOP….ENDLOOP processing.
Outside the loop, it has no valid value.
52. How can we declare a table control in the ABAP/4
program?
Using the syntax controls <table control name> type
tableview using screen <scr no>.
53. Differentiate between static and dynamic step
loops.
Step loops fall into two classes: Static and
Dynamic. Static step loops have a fixed size that cannot be changed at
runtime. Dynamic step loops are variable in size. If the user re-sizes the
window the system automatically increases or decreases the number of step loop
blocks displayed. In any given screen you can define any number of static step
loops but only a single dynamic one.
54. What are the two ways of producing a list
within a transaction?
By submitting a separate report.
By using leave to list-processing.
55. What is the use of the statement Leave to
List-processing?
Leave to List-processing statement is used to produce
a list from a module pool. Leave to list processing statement allows to switch
from dialog-mode to list-mode within a dialog program.
56. When will the current screen processing
terminates?
A current screen processing terminates when control
reaches either a Leave-screen or the end of PAI.
57. How is the command Suppress-Dialog useful?
Suppressing entire screens is possible using this
command. This command allows us to perform screen processing “in the
background”. The system carries out all PBO and PAI logic, but does not display
the screen to the user. Suppressing screens is useful when we are branching to
list-mode from a transaction dialog step.
58. What happens if we use Leave to
list-processing without using Suppress-Dialog?
If we don’t use Suppress-Dialog to next screen will
be displayed but as empty, when the user presses ENTER, the standard list output
is displayed.
59. How the transaction that are programmed by the
user can be protected?
By implementing an authority check.
60. What are the modes in which any update tasks
work?
Synchronous and Asynchronous.
61. What is the difference between Synchronous and
Asynchronous updates?
A program asks the system to perform a certain task,
and then either waits or doesn’t wait for the task to finish. In synchronous
processing, the program waits: control returns to the program only when the task
has been completed. In asynchronous processing, the program does not wait: the
system returns control after merely logging the request for execution.
62. SAP system configuration incluedes Dialog
tasks and Update tasks.
63. Dialog-task updates are Synchronous
updates.
64. Update –task updates are Asynchronous
updates.
65. What is the difference between Commit-work and
Rollback-Work tasks?
Commit-Work statement “performs” many functions
relevant to synchronized execution of tasks. Rollback-work statement “cancels:
all reuests relevant to synchronized execution of tasks.
66. What are the different database integrities?
· Semantic Integrity.
· Relational Integrity.
· Primary Key Integrity.
· Value Set Integrity.
· Foreign Key integrity and
· Operational integrity.
67. All SAP Databases are Relational
Databases.
68. What is SAP locking?
It is a mechanism for defining and applying logical
locks to database objects.
69. What does a lock object involve?
The tables.
The lock argument.
70. What are the different kinds of lock modes?
Shared lock
Exclusive lock.
Extended exclusive list.
71. How can a lock object be called in the
transaction?
By calling Enqueue<lock object> and Dequeue<lock
object> in the transaction.
72. What are the events by which we can program
“help texts” and display “possible value lists”?
-PROCESS ON HELP-REQUEST (POH).
-PROCESS ON VALUE-REQUEST (POV).
73. What is a matchcode?
A matchcode is an aid to finding records stored in
the system whenever an object key is required in an input field but the user
only knows other (non-key) information about the object.
74. In what ways we can get the context sensitive
F1 help on a field?
- Data element documentation.
- Data element additional text in screen
painter.
- Using the process on help request event.
75. What is roll area?
A roll area contains the program’s runtime context.
In addition to the runtime stack and other structures, all local variables and
any data known to the program are stored here.
76. How does the system handle roll areas for
external program components?
- Transactions run in their own roll areas.
- Reports run in their own roll areas.
- Dialog modules run in their own roll areas
- Function modules run in the roll area of their
callers.
77. Does the external program run in the same SAP
LUW as the caller, or in a separate one?
- Transactions run with a separate SAP LUW
- Reports run with a separate SAP LUW.
- Dialog modules run in the same SAP LUW as the
caller
- Function modules run in the same SAP LUW as
the caller.
The only exceptions to the above rules are function
modules called with IN UPDATE TASK (V2 function only) or IN BACKGROUND TASK (ALE
applications). These always run in their own (separate) update transactions.
78. What are function modules?
Function modules are general-purpose library routines
that are available system-wide.
79. What are the types of parameters in the
function modules?
In general, function module can have four types of
parameters:
- EXPORTING: for passing data to the called
function.
- IMPORTING: for receiving data returned from
the function module.
- TABLES: for passing internal tables only, by
reference (that is, by address).
- CHANGING: for passing parameters to and from
the function.
80. What is the difference between Leave
Transaction and Call Transaction?
In contrast to LEAVE TO TRANSACTION, the CALL
TRANSACTION statement causes the system to start a new SAP LUW. This second
SAP LUW runs parallel to the SAP LUW for the calling transaction.
81. How can we pass selection and parameter data
to a report?
There are three options for passing selection and
parameter data to the report.
- Using SUBMIT…WITH
- Using a report variant.
- Using a range table.
82. How to send a report to the printer instead of
displaying it on the screen?
We can send a report to the printer instead of
diplaying it on the screen. To do this, use the keywords TO SAP-SPOOL:
SUBMIT RSFLFIND…TO SAP-SPOOL DESTINATION ‘LT50’.
83. How can we send data to external programs?
Using SPA/GPA parameters(SAP memory).
Using EXPORT/IMPORT data (ABAP/4 memory)
84. What are SPA/GPA parameters (SAP memory)
SPA/GPA parameters are field values saved globally in
memory. There are two ways to use SPA/GPA parmeters:
By setting field attributes in the Screen Painter.
By using the SET PARAMETER or GET PARAMETER
statements.
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